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 Nephrotic Syndrome  Diagnosis To confirm the nature of the disease as well as to know to what extent it has damaged the kidneys, the physician will take following steps: 1. History: The doctor will take note of the chief complaints of the patient. Through the history, the doctor will gather more data about ones symptoms, prior history or family history of allergy or related diseases and other related complaints. In most cases a detailed and precise history gives definite intimation to the diagnosis. Following this doctor will proceed with physical examination. 2. Physical examination: 1. The most common clinical finding in all patients with Nephrotic Syndrome is edema, which is present in more than 95% of individuals with the condition. When mild, edema is localized to those tissues, which are lax and can lead to fluid accumulation very easily (e.g., around the eyes, scrotum, labia). Generalized edema is dependent (increasing and decreasing with gravity) and pitting (impressionable to touch) in character. Ascites is common, and generalized swelling may be present. In children with marked ascites, mechanical restriction of breathing may be present, and the child may have compensatory tachypnea (fast, shallow breathing). 2. Hypertension may be present in majority patients with any form of NS. 3. Other positive findings, which may not be present in each and every case of Nephrotic Syndrome, are as follows: Signs of a concurrent upper respiratory tract infection may be present and some children have overt evidence of an atopic state with varying degrees of eczema. An occasional child demonstrates evidence of an insect sting and/or bite. Abdominal tenderness will be evident in presence of peritoneal infection. 3. Investigations: For investigations click here |
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