The cardinal features of Nephrotic Syndrome being hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and edema, the dietary management plays a vital role in the overall management of the condition. Following dietary modifications are advised:
1. No added salt - avoid adding extra salt to food at the table and try to reduce the intake of processed foods e.g. chips, tinned, and packed foods.
2. Ensure an adequate protein intake - It is generally considered healthy to eat one gram of protein daily for every kilogram of body weight.
3. Eat more fiber rich foods-try using whole meal bread, whole-wheat breakfast cereals, fruits, and vegetables.
4. Reduce sugar-try to avoid adding sugar to drinks and food, replace fizzy drinks with sugar free varieties. Try to cut down on sweets and chocolates.
5. Replace saturated fats with mono or polyunsaturated fats.
6. Limitation of fluid intake is unnecessary unless the child's thirst is so stimulated that intake is excessive.
The main precautions to be taken are avoidance of infection because infections are known to cause relapses and in severe cases death. Boiling the drinking water, avoiding contact with patients with infections like chickenpox, jaundice, typhoid etc. and giving vaccinations against the above mentioned diseases are important steps to prevent infections in NS. There is increased risk of complications in a child with NS due to infections, which may be mild in healthy children. Do not restrict activity unless the child is severely edematous.
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